| 1. Mechanical damage due
to rope movement over sharp edge projection while under load. |
 |
| 2. Localized wear due to
abrasion on supporting structure. Vibration of rope between drum
and job head sheave. |
 |
| 3. Narrow path of wear resulting
in fatigue fractures, caused by working in a grossly oversize
groove or over small support rollers. |
 |
| 4. Two parallel paths of
broken wires indicative of bending through an undersize groove
in the sheave. |
 |
| 5. Severe wear, associated
with high tread pressure. Protusion of fibre main core. |
 |
| 6. Severe wear in Lang Lay,
caused by abrasion of cross-over points on multi-layer coiling
application. |
 |
| 7. Corrosion of severe degree
caused by immersion of rope in chemically treated water. |
 |
| 8. Typical wire fractures
as a result of bend fatigue. |
 |
| 9. Wire fractures at the
strand, or core interface, as direct from 'crown' fractures,
caused by failure of core support. |
 |
| 10. Break of IWRC resulting
from high stress application. Note nicking of wires in outer
strands. |
 |
| 11. Strand core protusion
as a result of torsional unbalance created by 'drop ball' application
(i.e. shock loading). |
 |
| 12. Typical example of localized
wear and deformation created at a previously kinked portion of
rope. |
 |
| 13. Multi-strand rope 'bird-caged'
due to torsional unbalance. Typical of build-up seen at anchorage
end of multi-fall crane application. |
 |
| 14. Protusion of IWRC resuting
from shock loading. |
 |
P.O. Box 33170
5250 River Road
Cincinnati, OH 45233
Phone: (513) 941-2443
Fax: (513) 941-2445